TRULY A HYPERPARASITE, OR SIMPLY AN EPIBIONT ON A PARASITE? THE CASE OF CYCLOCOTYLA BELLONES (MONOGENEA, DICLIDOPHORIDAE)

Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823 (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae) is one of the few monogenean species reported as hyperparasitic: the worms dwell on cymothoid isopods, themselves parasites of the buccal cavity of fishes.We present here observations based on newly collected monogenean specimens from Ceratothoa parallela (Otto, 1828), an isopod parasite

While the outbreak has reached every region of the world, it is undeniable that countries in the southern hemisphere seem to be less affected, where cases Massage Rollers have been reported, these have been imported and travel related.We analyzed the climate temperature from various regions according to their current ongoing human-to-human transmis